How Polish Courts Use Previous Judicial Decisions?

Judicial Engagement: Lessons from Problem Solving Courts

Introduction This article critically assesses the development of judicial involvement in offender management drawing both on international literature and on experiences of courts in the UK that have adopted „problem-solving‟ approaches that aim to enhance the „therapeutic‟ potential of court processes. Engaging offenders and encouraging their compliance with community supervision are key probat...

Extraneous factors in judicial decisions.

Are judicial rulings based solely on laws and facts? Legal formalism holds that judges apply legal reasons to the facts of a case in a rational, mechanical, and deliberative manner. In contrast, legal realists argue that the rational application of legal reasons does not sufficiently explain the decisions of judges and that psychological, political, and social factors influence judicial rulings...

Judicial Politics and Sentencing Decisions∗

Racial and gender disparities are prevalent in the criminal justice system, but the sources of these disparities remain largely unknown. This paper investigates whether judge political affiliation contributes to these disparities using data on over 500,000 federal defendants linked to sentencing judge. Exploiting random case assignment, we find that Republican appointed judges sentence black de...

Corrupted Courts: A Cross-National Perceptual Analysis of Judicial Corruption

This thesis examines the factors that influence perceptions of judicial corruption. A statistical analysis using data from such sources as Transparency International, the World Bank, and Freedom House demonstrates that aspects of accountability (the ability to remove judges) and transparency (freedom of the press) are only weakly related to perceptions of judicial corruption. A systematic count...

Toward an Understanding of Judicial Diversity in American Courts